Turtle Functions and Procedures¶

Learning Objectives:

• Introduce more turtle functions and procedures.
• Show examples using conditionals with turtles.
• Use the modulo operator to detect odd and even
• Show how to generate random numbers in Python
• Use conditionals to avoid a collision

Turtles can do more than go forward, turn left, and turn right. The table below lists turtle functions and procedures.

Name	Parameters	Description
backward	amount	Moves the turle backward by the specified amount
color	colorname	Sets the color for drawing. Use ‘red’, ‘black’, etc
forward	amount	Moves the turtle forward by the specified amount
goto	x,y	Moves the turtle to position x,y
left	angle	Turns the turtle counter clockwise by the specified angle
pendown	None	Puts down the turtles tail so that it draws when it moves
penup	None	Picks up the turtles tail so that it doesn’t draw when it moves
pensize	width	Sets the width of the pen for drawing
right	angle	Turns the turtle clockwise by the specified angle
setheading	angle	Turns the turtle to face the given heading. East is 0, north is 90, west is 180, and south is 270.
shape	shapename	Should be ‘arrow’, ‘classic’, ‘turtle’, or ‘circle’
stamp	None	Leaves an impression of a turtle shape at the current location
Turtle	None	Creates and returns a new turtle object
xcor	None	Returns the x value of the turtle’s position
ycor	None	Returns the y values of the turtle’s position

Once you are comfortable with the basics of turtle graphics you can read about even more options on the Python Docs Website.